AIR
CONDITIONING
PRINCIPLES OF AIR
CONDITIONING
Air conditioning is the
process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature,
humidity, purity and distribution to meet the requirements of the conditioned
space, such as comfort and health of human beings and other needs of the situation.
PURPOSES OF AIR CONDITIONING
a. To improve the quality of the products in industrial
processes such as artificial silk and cotton cloth. In the case of other
industries, it helps in providing comfortable working conditions for the
workers, resulting in the increase of production.
b. In commercial premises such as theatres, offices,
banks, shops and restaurants, air conditioning is done to improve the working the atmosphere and maintain comfort within these concerns.
c. To give comfort to the residents of private
buildings. The air-conditioning system in this case serves a small number of
persons.
d. In travel by air, railway, road and water, air
conditioning imparts facility and comfort by conditioning the quality of air in
aeroplanes, railway coaches, road cars, buses, ships, etc.
The principle involved in air conditioning is:
a. Sucking the air through a filtering media.
b. Cooling it (in summer) or heating it (in winter).
c. Dehumidifying, if it is to be cooled, or humidifying if it is to be heated.
d. Forcing it into the rooms for proper circulation.
e. The used air is collected through exhaust and
mixed with some outside fresh air and sucked again through the filtering medium,
thus completing the cycle.
PRINCIPLE
OF COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING
Comfort feeling is a good indication of a healthy atmosphere and it depends upon the temperature, air motion or air velocity and
humidity changes for different seasons of the year.
The principle of air conditioning should involve proper
control of temperature, humidity and air velocity
a. Temperature
control: Comfortable zone is the temperature range suitable for the majority of the people. The comfortable zones are different for summer and winter
due to the clothing worn in these two seasons. The effective temperature zone
for summer is 20–23°C and for winter is 18–22°C. A temperature of 21–25°C is
required for comfort conditions regardless of the outside temperature.
b. Air
velocity control: Air velocity control is also an important
factor. The increase in velocity results in the decrease of inside effective
temperature below the outside temperature. Therefore, the velocity of air is
generally taken as 6–9 m/sec, which is considered as relatively still air.
c. Humidity
control: Dry air imparts great strain on the human body. Due to
this reason, moisture is added to the heated air (i.e., humidification) in case
of winter air conditioning and moisture is extracted from the cooled air (i.e.,
dehumidification) in case of summer air conditioning. An average value of relative
humidity between 40 per cent and 60 per cent is considered desirable. During
the summer season 40–50 per cent is comfortable and for winter 50–60 per cent
is suggested.
SYSTEMS OF
AIR CONDITIONING
Depending
on the location of air-conditioning equipment, the system of air conditioning
is classified as follows:
a. Central system: In this system, all the equipment
pertaining to air conditioning are installed at one focal or central point and
then the conditioned air is distributed to all the rooms or enclosures by
ducts. This type of system requires less space for installation and the
maintenance is also easy. It proves to be economical. Due to the presence of
ducts, it requires large space.
b. Self-contained
or unit system: In this system, special portable attractive
cabinets which fit in with the decoration of modern rooms are placed inside the
room near the ceiling or window. They are self-contained in every respect and
conditioned air is formed inside the unit itself. The conditioned air is then
directly thrown into the room without the help of any ducts.
c. Semi-contained or unitary central system: In this system, every room is provided with an air-conditioning unit and the room unit
obtains its supply from the central system. Such a system results in a smaller size of ducts. Another form of this system is adopted in which
conditioned air may be supplied from a central unit but for the heating or cooling
maybe carried out in the room itself.
d. Combined
system: A combined system may consist of
(i) central and self-contained system
(ii) central and semi-contained system and
(iii) self-contained and semi-contained system
The choice of a particular system of air conditioning
depends upon several factors such as the size of the structure, method of heating,
volume and type of air conditioning unit, period of the year for which air
conditioning is required and a number of rooms to be served.
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