SHORING | COMPONENTS OF SHORE | TYPES OF SHORING | LCETED

 

In this article, you will be able to know about Shoring and its components, Factors that determine the design and method of shoring, Procedures for window/door shore and a vertical shore. Positions and functions of the members of a shoring team.

WHAT IS SHORING?

Temporary support for a damaged, collapsed, or partially collapsed structure is unstable, requiring victims and rescue crews to carry out low-risk search and rescue operations.

Shoring follows a “Double-Funnel Principle”, means that a shore collects a load, channels it and redistributes it safely to another surface or structure that can support it.

 

 

COMPONENTS OF SHORE

Soleplate: Provides a foundation for the shoring system by supporting the weight being transferred from above and distributes it over a wider area.

Header beam: collects the weight from above and spreads it throughout the shoring system.

Post: Supports the weight collected by the header and transfers it to the sole plate where it is distributed.

Diagonal bracing: Locks the entire shoring system together as one unit, supporting against possible eccentric loads. It is the last component to be installed.

Gusset plate: A small piece of 13 mm or 18 mm plywood nailed to the top and bottom of posts to aid in placement of the header and secure the posts to the header and soleplate.

Wedges/shims: Two wooden inclined planes married together and placed under the bottom of the posts. These provide compression for the shoring system. The shim is a single wedge used to fill in gaps above the shoring system.

Cleat: A 5cmx10cm wooden piece nailed to the post and header or sole plate to secure the shoring.

or

A small piece of wood used to secure other parts of a shoring system.

 

TYPES OF SHORING

·       Vertical Shoring

·       Window/Door Shoring

Other Types of Shoring

·       T-Spot Shoring

·       Raker Shoring

·       Laced Post Shoring

·       Horizontal Shoring

·       Trench shores

·       Pneumatic shores

·       Improvised Bamboo shoring

 

DETERMINING FACTOR TO CHOOSE SHORING TYPE

A variety of factors will determine what method of shoring is required in a particular situation.

 

·       Weight of construction materials

·       Weight of the structural elements to be supported

·       The normal load capacity of the existing undamaged structure

·       Condition of the structure to be supported

·       Condition of the foundation and floor/surface angle to determine the stability of shoring

·       Availability of shoring material

·       Lateral and vertical instability

 

 

VERTICAL SHORE SPECIFICATIONS

WITH 10 X 10 cm POST, HEADER AND SOLE PLATE

Maximum Height	Maximum Distance  Between Posts	Maximum	Maximum Height
2.5 m ( 8’ 0”)	1.25 ( 4’0”)	60 cm ( 2’0”)	3,600 kg ( 8,000 lbs.)
3.0 m ( 10’0”)	1.50 ( 5’0”)	80 cm ( 2’6”)	2,270 kg ( 5,000 lbs.)
3.7 m ( 12’0”)	1.80 ( 6’0”)	90 cm ( 3’0”)	1,600 kg ( 3,500 lbs.)

 

Density (weight) of common building materials

Concrete = 2403 kg/m3

Masonry = 2002.5 kg/m3

Wood = 560.7 kg/m3

Steel = 7849.8 kg/m3

Concrete / Masonry Rubble = 478.8 Pa

 

STEPS OF VERTICAL SHORE

1.   Determine where to erect the vertical shore.

2.   Measure and cut sole plate and header.

3.   Measure and cut the posts to the proper height.

4.   Attach cleats or gusset plates to the header and posts, on opposite ends and opposing sides.

5.   Install the posts and the header on top of the soleplate to support the damaged structural element

6.   Install a set of wedges under the bottom of each post

7.   Attach cleats or gusset plates on opposite ends and opposing sides of the soleplate and posts and nail in place

8.   Attach the diagonal braces to each side of the vertical shore

 

STEPS FOR WINDOW AND DOOR SHORE

•     Locate where to erect the window/Door shore.

•     Measure the soleplate to cut

•     Measure the header to cut

•     Measure and cut the posts to the proper height

•     Install the soleplate with a set of wedges

•     Install the header with a set of wedges

•     Install the posts and wedges

•     Attach the cleats and/or gusset plate

•     Confine the wedges

•     Install diagonal braces(when applicable)

 

OTHER TYPES OF SHORING

Several additional types of shores can be used in collapsed structures, though they will not be taught in this course. Some examples include:

T-Spot Shore: The main purpose of the T-shore is to initially stabilise damaged floors, ceilings or roofs, so that the more substantial shoring can be constructed at less risk. This shore is quickly placed and only temporary, also used during quick extrication of a victim.

 

Raker Shore: A triangular system of shoring used to support leaning or unstable walls or columns. Rakers must always be installed in series; at least two must be erected in any given situation.

 

Laced Post Shore: A high-capacity, four-post system that is used to support sagging(Hanging down) floors and ceilings, or other overhead hazards. It can be used as a “SAFE HEAVEN”.

 

 

Horizontal Shore: Used to stabilise a damaged wall against another undamaged wall in hallways, corridors or between buildings.

 

Members and Functions of Shoring team

If sufficient manpower is available, two separate SIX-person groups can be used to organize a shoring group, with one team as an assembly team and the other as a cutting board.

However, a team may be required to perform both sets of duties.

ASSEMBLY GROUP

Shoring Officer (Rescue Squad Officer): Is responsible for the process. Works with structural experts (if available) to determine where to place the shore. If a security guard cannot be assigned, the shore officer will also accept the role.

Measurer: Measures all shoring components and publishes information to the layout person of the cutting board.

Two Shorers: These work together assembling and erecting shores in place.

Safety: Responsible for the overall security of the assembly committee.

Runner: Ensures that tools, equipment and shoring materials are moved from the primary access point to the shoring site and help set up shores as needed.

CUTTING GROUP

Cutting Group Officer (Rescue Squad Officer): Responsible for selecting the cutting site. The site should be close to the showing function. The cutting board officer doubles as the safely.

Layout: Sets up the cutting station and records measurements. Performs all measuring and layout of angles.

Feeder: The measured and marked shoring material from the layout to the cutter helps to protect it while moving and feeding and cutting.

Runner: follow the requirements related to shoring from shoring station to shoring site.

Cutter: Measured materials to be cutted.

Tools and equipment person: Responsible for monitoring the directions in which materials and equipment are to be placed and moving, and all equipment. This person has been appointed to both the cutting committee and the assembly committee.

 

NAIL SPECIFICATIONS

Common nails of two sizes will be used For CSSR,

All plywood (Gusset plates) should be nailed using 8D common nails only.

All dimensional wood (100mmx100mmx1800mm) should be nailed using 16d

Example: For 8d nail

D= diameter of nail (?),

l= length (7.5cm)

x= size of nail (8)

D = l/x • D= 7.5cm/8 = 9.3mm

 

 

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