WHAT IS EARTHING? | USES | TYPES | LCETED

 WHAT IS EARTHING?

The Earthing is used to connect electrical devices to the earth. It is provided to avoid or reduce the risk of electric shock.

 

It is a method of transmitting instantaneous electrical discharge directly to the ground through low resistance wires or power cables and avoiding the risk of electric shock due to the discharge of current.

 

The earthing process can be done in house, factories, other machinery and electrical equipment and there are many different types of earthing used in it we explained it below

 

USES OF EARTHING

There are the following uses of earthing such as,

1.   Earthing protects the devices and appliances from the current short circuit.

2.   The earthing provides an easy path for the flow of short-circuit current even after the insulation has failed.

3.   Protects machinery and personals from high voltage and lightning discharge.

4.   it helps to detect neutral conductors and any faults in the phase.

5.   It provides surge protection and also protection from electric shock.

6.   Earthing also helps eliminate the risk of fire or explosion during an insulation failure.

TYPES OF EARTHING

There are five main types of earthing as given below;

1.   Pipe Earthing System

2.   Plate Earthing System

3.   Rod Earthing System

4.   Earthing through the Waterman

5.   Strip or Wire Earthing

 

PIPE EARTHING SYSTEM

In this system, a galvanized steel-based pipe is placed vertically in the wet spot, and this is one of the most common type of earthing.

 

Depending on the type of soil and the amount of current, the size of the pipe should be determined

The pipe dimension should be 1.5 inches in diameter and 9 feet long for normal soil. The diameter of the pipe should be greater than the normal soil pipe for rocky or dry soil and the soil moisture also key factor to determine the length of the pipe be placed in the earth.

 

The galvanized steel pipe should be drilled at regular intervals and the pipe at the lower end should be narrow. The galvanized steel pipe is connected to a clamp in which the earth wire is attached and at the ground, this pipe diverts the electrical conduction.

 

The pipe is placed in a pit of earth at a depth of not less than 3 m, and the space inside the galvanized iron pipe is filled to the level of the clamp with alternating layers of salt and charcoal.

 

By setting up a room with bricks, the upper part of the G.I. pipe is left open for maintenance when needed, and water is poured into the galvanized steel pipe to maintain earth resistance within certain limits.

 

For all domestic purposes, pipe earthing is commonly used, and it is less expensive.

 

PLATE EARTHING SYSTEM

The plate is made up of copper or galvanized iron used in this type of earthing.  It's done by placing plate vertically in the ground pit less than 3 meters from the ground and chemical substances used around the plate to maintain moisture condition and for good electrical grounding.

This plate is connected to the conductors to divert the electrical charge into the earth.

 

ROD EARTHING SYSTEM

The length of the electrodes embedded in the earth reduces the resistance of the earth because the copper rod with galvanized steel pipe is placed directly on the ground either physically or using a hammer and placed at the desired value.

 

At a certain depth, the rod used for this purpose is buried in the ground and safely deliver the short circuit current in the ground.

 

For sandy areas, this earthing method is suitable and this earthing method is economical.

 

EARTHING THROUGH THE WATERMAN

Waterman (galvanized GI) pipes are used for earthing purposes reduce resistance.

If an insulated conductor is used, such as earth wire, clean the ends of the wire strands and make sure they are straight and parallel to connect tightly to the waterman pipe.

MUST READ: Basic Guide of Electrical House Wiring 

STRIP OR WIRE EARTHING

In this type of earthing, strip electrodes of not less than 25 mm x 1.6 mm are buried in horizontal trenches at a depth of at least 0.5 m and their cross-sectional area should not be less than 6.0 mm² if it is a galvanized iron or steel.

 

The length of the conductor should not be less than 15 m, this length buried in the ground will give adequate earth resistance.

 

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